Smoking in the United States Essay - 942 Words

Smoking in the United States if cigarettes were banned in the United States, the government could apend the money currently used to pay medical bills, on more necessary causes. Instead of this money being used for diseases which were knowingly brought upon by the smoker him or herslf, this money could be used in finding a cure for diseases that are not preventable. Perhaps the saddest effect of smoking is that on pregnant smokers and their babies. When pregnant women smoke, their babies are being forced to smoke, too. many women begin smoking at an early age and find it hard to quit even during pregnancy. Information given from Health Watch discribes smoking as a harmful gas and deadly substance thats passes throughout babys blood†¦show more content†¦Many people who do not smoke so not enjoy being in a room where people are smoking. However, discomfort should be the least of their worries. Cigarette smoke carries carcinogens and other harmful substances. Many of these substances are poisons: tar, nico tine, carbon monoxide, arsenic, cyanide, and other deadly aubatances. Anyone exposed to secondhand smoke breathes in over four thousand chemical substances. Secondhand smoke kills 53,000 Americans each year. It is the third largest preventable cause of death . Only direct smoking and alcohol-related deaths rank higher,(Rumph 20). To demonstrate that nonsmokers are affected by the smoke, a study was done by the Americans for non Smokers Rights Foundation on children living in homes with parents who smoke. The study was compared with children living in homes with no smoking. The children living with smokers, had a ten percent lower amount of high density lipoprotein, which prevent against heart disease, as compared to children in non-smoking homes, (Rumph 20). Also, girls with parents who smoke have a lower ability to carry oxygen in the blood, while boys had a lower testosterone level than children living in non-smoking homes, (Houston 121). Although some progress has been made to r educe secondhand smoke in public places, it is not enough. There are no laws to protect people on the street or innocent children in their homes. The only way to protect innocent non-smokers is toShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Smoking On The United States1311 Words   |  6 Pagescigarette smoking is higher in the United States and kills more than 480,000 Americans each year (2015). In fact, cigarettes are harmful to smokers and nonsmoker, and the number of smokers rises day by day. Moreover, there are many harmful effects smoking has on an individual, such as heart disease, cancer, and the effect on nonsmoker and women, while it may cause an individual to feel relaxed, spend a lot of money and not be informed, it is harmful in the United States. The consequences of smoking areRead MoreEffects Of Smoking On The United States1570 Words   |  7 PagesWorld-wide efforts have increased to alarm people of the danger in consuming tobacco products, both first hand and second hand. In recent years, reports have proven a decline in smoking. However, there are still millions of people that smoke in the United State of America. As a result, the effect of smoking has become a major health risk. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death, disease, and disability in the USRead MoreSmoking in the United States Essay1286 Words   |  6 PagesSmoking is on the rise with adults and teenagers. Nearly twenty-one percent of adults smoke cigarettes, and twenty percent of teenagers smoke in the United States of America. Smoking has many negative effects, but also a few positive effects. However, the positive effects are outweighed by the negative effects. In June 19, 1986, anti-smoking activists were trying to pass a bill in New York that would restrict smoking in restaurants and other public areas, the first major action ever taken by NewRead MoreUnderage Smoking And The United States Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesUnderage Smoking in the U.S. Shockingly, there are 3.5 million middle and high school students smoking cigarettes in the U.S. (Leatherdale Vu, 2011). As we all know, smoking is a horrible habit which affects many of the body’s systems such as the circulatory and immune systems. Underage smoking is an even more serious problem as it affects teenagers’ health and influences more young people to smoke, stopping it is possible with a good tracking system (Qi, 2015). The most obvious problem of underageRead MoreEffects Of Smoking On The United States905 Words   |  4 PagesPrevention (CDC), smoking kills more than 480,000 in the U.S. each year. In order to reduce this statistic, numerous controlling strategies are adopted by the government, which includes a limitation of tobacco advertising, and the prohibition of smoking in public areas. Meanwhile, several people are suffering from health issues caused by consumption of cigarette. It increases the risk of cancer, heart disease and stroke. These three diseases are the leading causes of death in the United States (Taylor 8)Read MoreEffects Of Smoking On The United States976 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking Smoking, the drug killer number one is everywhere at this time, even government and enough information, which we can get almost everywhere cannot stop some young people. What forces young people to smoke? Why they risk their health just for cigarettes. Is it the addiction what make them smoke, or it is a societal pressure, or it is something else ? The second important question is that, what is the major and minor effect of smoking. I have many experiences with smoking, because using of thisRead MoreEffects Of Smoking On The United States1841 Words   |  8 PagesIn the United States, tobacco use is the number one cause of preventable death. Chronic cigarette smoking is associated with many adverse health effects and 70% of adult smokers started smoking when they were adolescents. The World Health Organization’s definition of adolescence is a period of development that corresponds to the period between the ages of 10 and 19 years. This age group is vulnerable to initiate risk y behaviors such as cigarette smoking. According to the Surgeon General’s reportRead MoreEffects Of Smoking On The United States2439 Words   |  10 PagesIn the United States, tobacco smoking is by far the leading cause of lung cancer, which includes non-small cell lung cancer. About 80% of lung cancer deaths are caused by smoking, and many others are caused by exposure to secondhand smoke. Smoking is clearly the strongest risk factor for non-small cell lung cancer, but it often interacts with other factors. Smokers exposed to other known risk factors such as radon and asbestos are at even higher risk. However, not everyone who smokes gets lung cancerRead MoreEffects Of Smoking On The United States871 Words   |  4 PagesPathogenic role of smoking has been proved by many researchers in the world and in our country. Smoking 01 cigarettes himself losing 5.5 minutes of life. The average life expectancy of people who smoke less than non-smokers from 05 to 08 years. Smoking in creases the mortality rate from 30 to 80%, mainly because of cancer (lung cancer), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease.... The degree of increased risk depends on the age of starting smoking (smoking as soon as the higherRead MoreEffects Of Smoking On The United States1026 Words   |  5 Pagescigarettes have has declined from 20.9% in 2005 to 16.8% in 2014. The evidence also suggests that smoking was noticeably ln 2014 than in 2013. Sources reported that tobacco is the leading cause of preventable disease and death. Another essential point is that it kills 28,000 people every year in New York and afflicts nearly 600,000 residents with serious injuries directed to their smoking. In addition, smoking kills half a million Americans every year and costs about $300 billion dollars a year. Considering

Do Vaccines Cause Autism - 2029 Words

Emily Peters Kiera Ball ENGL 101T 6 May 2015 Do Vaccines Cause Autism? Contrary to popular belief, autism is the result of a specific genetic mutation where it makes the person diagnosed have an inability to interact with others. According to Kavin Senapathy, Validating â€Å"the fact that GMOs and vaccines don’t cause autism, scientists have now linked mutations in over a hundred genes to autism in two recent studies published in Nature†¦Ã¢â‚¬  †¦ â€Å"about 30 percent of those found in these studies occurred either within the sperm or egg cell from which the baby was conceived, or early in embryonic development. In conjunction with inherited variants, these mutations appear to contribute to causing the more severe, lower IQ autism symptoms on the ASD†¦show more content†¦According to the CDC, thimerosal is a â€Å"mercury-based preservative used to prevent contamination of multi dose vials of vaccines.† Research has shown that thimerosal does not cause autism. In fact, a 2004 scientific re view by the Institute of Medicine concluded that â€Å"The evidence favors rejection of a causal relationship between thimerosal–containing vaccines and autism.† The CDC says, Since 2003, there have been nine CDC-funded or conducted studies that have found no link between thimerosal-containing vaccines and ASD, as well as no link between the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism spectrum disorder in children† (CDC). A fairly recent study published in the October 2010 issue of Pediatrics had established that â€Å"Prenatal and infant exposure to thimerosal does not increase the risk for autism.† Researchers compared 256 children with autism and 752 children without autism, and found that the children with autism received no greater amounts of thimerosal in their vaccines than those without autism.† The study was conducted by the Centers for Disease Control, Harvard Medical School, Kaiser Permanente, and the University of California’s Center for Vaccine Research, among other well-trusted schools and organizations† (BabyCenter). Some precautions have been made dealing with this so-called deadly ingredient. Between the years 1999 and 2001, thimerosal was completely

Ways in which teamwork can be beneficial to organisations Free Essays

Teamwork is one of the major factors that affect an organisation’s success and it can prove to be beneficial but it can also become a difficult aspect to manage within a company. According to Cohen and Bailey (1977:241), „a team is a collection of individuals who are interdependent in their tasks, who share responsibility for outcomes, who see themselves and who are seen by others as an intact social entity embedded in one or more larger social systems.. We will write a custom essay sample on Ways in which teamwork can be beneficial to organisations or any similar topic only for you Order Now †. The previous definition is pointing out the aspects of teamwork, which appear to be mutual reliance, interdependence and sense of responsibility that members feel when collaborating. Based on the previous theory, numerous benefits of teamwork can be underlined. One of the most important advantages that teamwork brings within an organisation is efficiency. According to Procter and Mueller (2000), it has been debated by supporters that it offers a more productive, creative, satisfying and empowering way of working. The efficiency of teamwork can also be highlighted from the book „Organizational Behaviour† by Daniel King and Scott Lawley, OUP 2013(page 165, Table 6.7), in which benefits like reduced dependency on particular individuals, faster decision making, increased time utilization and task requirements are considered benefits of teamwork. Another major benefit for companies which rely on teamwork is social facilitation (Norman Triplett, 1898). His theory points out that members who work within a group tend to become more productive, possiby due to competition within the group. Furthermore, this benefit can be pointed out by West (2004) which states that teamwork can create social bonds between members, thus giving greater camaraderie. However, Harkins et al. (1980) states that individuals try less when working in a team, this phenomenon being known as social loathing. Besides having important benefits, teamwork can prove to have a significant level of difficulty when trying to implement it within an organisation. Challenges like personality clashes, breakdown of trust or reliance on less skilled members can arise for employees, but difficulties as unproductiveness, shared identity and purpose or time-consuming work can  also be present for organisations. One of the major problems caused by teamwork within a company is social loafing. According to Harkins et al. (1980) and Latane et al. (1979), a series of experiments had been conducted in the 1970s to investigate whether people worked harder in groups or individually. Eventually, they discovered that people try less hard when being asked to perform the same task within a group. This experiment was actually built on a previous research by Max Ringelmann, who found that, working alone, an agricultural student could pull a weight of 85 kg but a team of seven would not be able to pull 595 kg, instead just 450. Latane et al. suggests this phenomenon happened because individuals put more effort into tasks where they know they can be personally identified and less when they think their contribution is lost within a group. Relating to this difficulty which can arise as a result of teamwork, a similar one can appear, which is called shrinking (Schnake, 1991). This phenomenon occurs when members of a group live off the efforts and work of others. A good example is that of a student which does not attend team meetings but turns up on the day of the presentation and demands the same grade as the other individuals. In conclusion, teamwork can prove to be very beneficial for an organisation, bringing efficiency, social facilitation for the individuals and many other advantages. However, the difficulties that may arise as a result of non-compatible members or various other factors, must be looked upon carefully and treated properly. How to cite Ways in which teamwork can be beneficial to organisations, Papers

Learning Culture and Psychological Empowerment †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Learning Culture and Psychological Empowerment. Answer: Introduction Learning culture is a term used in business world that describes an organisations values, practices, conventions, processes, operations etc. that motivate its employees to learn new things in order to develop their knowledge, competencies and level of performance (Newton, et al., 2015). A business organisation that believes in promoting a learning culture gives a lot of priority to training and development programs that can help its employees in learning new things and become more efficient in performing their job duties and responsibilities. A learning culture in an organisation can have a great impact on its overall market position and performance levels (kerlavaj, et al., 2007). In simple words, culture is defined as the set of beliefs, morals, ethics, values, etc. that an organisation sticks to in its day-to-day business operations, processes and dealings with all its stakeholders. A learning culture signifies the importance that an organisation attaches to the learning process and the resources which it allocates towards learning new skills and competencies. Learning culture can prove to be an effective key in bridging the gaps between actual performance levels and expected performance levels in a business organisation. On the other hand, lack of a learning culture can make it easier for the employees to develop a comfort zone of their own and they ultimately end up resisting workplace changes that are implemented to cope up with the market trends. Further, the lack of a learning culture also makes it difficult for business organisations to evolve and innovate. The modern day business world is changing at a very fast pace and it is becoming increasingly difficult for business organisations to cope up with the changing internal and external environment factors, which increases their dependency on their human resources. Human resources are now being considered as one of the most important resources to a business and a lot of importance is being given to the skills and knowledge of the employees (Egan, et al., 2004). Employees with better knowledge and competencies can help a business in achieving market competencies, which is further creating a need of developing learning culture in business organisations. Therefore, most of the top business organisations in the world are laying a huge stress on promoting a learning culture in their offices as it keeps the employees motivated and engaged in their jobs, which further helps in the achievement of organisational goals and objectives. Opportunities and cost of implementing a learning culture Learning culture can have a great number of opportunities for business organisations in the modern day world. First and foremost, an organisation culture where learning is given importance will always keep the employees motivated and engaged in their jobs. A learning culture gives them an opportunity to enhance their skills and competencies, which can have a positive impact on their career development path. Thus, the employees engage more in training and development programs, which ultimately helps an organisation in achieving its performance objectives (Boonstra, 2008). Secondly, establishing a learning culture can help business organisations in retaining as well as in attracting a talented pool of employees. Employees attach a lot of value to organisations that can help them in achieving their career goals and tend to work more with such organisations. Thus, it can become easier for a business organisation to become an employer of choice in the market by offering better learning op portunities to its employees while it can also help in bringing down the employee turnover rates to a great extent(Fook, 2016). Thirdly, a learning culture can help an organisation in sharing its performance objectives and establishing a collective vision with its workforce. Through learning programs, it can become easier for business organisations to communicate their performance expectations with the employees. Promoting a learning culture in a business organisation sounds easy but the cost of establishing a learning culture can be huge from an organisational point of view. First of all, the cost associated with training and development programs can be huge and can have a great impact on the finances of a company (Smerek, 2017). A learning culture demands regular training and development programs for employees, which can prove to be expensive for a business. Secondly, regularly indulging in learning programs can also be time consuming and business organisations can feel shortage of human resources while they are undergoing training or development (Islam, et al., 2016). Thirdly, a lot of organisations are able to implement a learning culture where the employees are motivated to learn new skills and competencies in order to become innovative and creative whereas they are unable to empower the employees to implement their ideas. Lastly, establishing a learning culture can prove to be a great d ifficulty if an organisations stakeholders have a tendency to resist workplace changes. Analysis of an organisations learning culture As discussed above, the business world is tough and only the toughest of all can survive in the market for long. Not long ago, Nokia was a global leader in the field of mobile phones. The company enjoyed a loyal customer base and an invincible reputation in the global market. Nokia smartphones were durable and had all the features that were required by the customers but ultimately, the company lost all its market share to Apple because of its inability to learn, grow and innovate. On the other hand, Apple, the global leader as of today, is a company that was able to dominate Nokia because of its ability to learn, grow and innovate and even after so many years, Apple still gives a lot of priority to learning, which helps it in retaining its market position. Apple is one of those companies that is totally dependent on the ability of its employees to innovate and create new products. As a result, the company lays a great deal of stress on learning as it helps it employees in becoming more competitive and efficient. The ability of the company to implement a learning culture and continuously evolving on the basis of its learning has been one of the key factors in its success. Apple has based its selection process on the skills, knowledge and creative abilities of the employees (Meyer, 2017). The companys culture is made highly innovative by motivating the employees to undergo training and development programs and to contribute innovative ideas to the firms development process. Apple makes a lot of investment in the training and development of its employees (Sayem, n.d.). The company has launched Supplier Employee Education and Development (SEED) program and also has tie ups with Chinese universities from where its employees can earn associa te degrees. The company also believes in training employees at every level of the hierarchy, which further strengthens its learning culture (Schilling Kluge, 2009). The company also audits all its training and development programs, in order to measure the change in performance levels and the skills learned. Strategy to improve Apples learning culture Though Apple has a strong learning culture that has been implemented in the roots of its organisation culture, there is still a scope of a little improvement. Some strategies that can help Apple in improving its learning culture are discussed below: First of all, the company should adopt a policy of information two ways. Under this policy, important information should be shared with employees only when the time is right so that it remains stuck in their mind. Further, to enhance learning and empowerment, appropriate resources should be made available to the employees rather than constant supervision so that they can get an opportunity to innovate and be creative. Secondly, the company can foster an environment where sharing is caring and learning. The employees should feel free to share their ideas and no one should ever be made to feel dumb for being inquisitive (Winkler Fyffe, 2016). The company can implement information sharing and discussion sessions where the employees can freely share their ideas with each other and can also form teams to take up new projects. Last, but not the least, one of the most important steps towards strengthening of a learning culture is to motivate the employees to learn from failures. Failures should not be a reason for demotivation, rather, they should be considered as a source of learning that no training or development program can teach (Gutierrez, 2016). The employees should be motivated to try new things, be creative and innovative and to learn from the mistakes that they commit in this process. The leaders of the organisation should motivate the employees to pick themselves back up instead of thrashing them in case of a failure. Conclusion Fostering a learning culture in the culture of an organisation is not an easy task but the benefits associated with an effective learning culture makes all the efforts worth it. Business organisations should continuously learn from their failures because learning is the key to evolution and evolution in the business world can lead to success. Therefore, it is important to deeply root learning in the core culture of an organisation so that the organisation on the whole can learn new things, become more competitive and can achieve its organisational goals and objectives. Bibliography Boonstra, J., 2008. Dynamics of Organizational Change and Learning. s.l.:John Wiley Sons. Egan, T. M., Yang, B. Bartlett, K. R., 2004. The effects of organizational learning culture and job satisfaction on motivation to transfer learning and turnover intention. Journal of Leadership Organizational Studie, 7 September, 25(1), p. 47. Fook, J., 2016. Critical Reflection and Organizational Learning and Change: A Case Study . In: Social Work, Critical Reflection and the Learning Organization . s.l.:s.n. Gutierrez, K., 2016. The Google Way of Building A Strong Learning Culture. [Online] Available at: https://www.shiftelearning.com/blog/building-learning-culture [Accessed 29 March 2018]. Islam, T., Khan, M. M. Bukhari, F. H., 2016. The role of organizational learning culture and psychological empowerment in reducing turnover intention and enhancing citizenship behavior. The Learning Organisation, 23(2/3). Meyer, P., 2017. Apple Inc. Organizational Culture: Features Implications. [Online] Available at: https://panmore.com/apple-inc-organizational-culture-features-implications [Accessed 29 March 2018]. Newton, J. M., Henderson, A., Jolly, B. Greaves, J., 2015. A contemporary examination of workplace learning culture: An ethnomethodology study. Nurse Education Today, January, 35(1), pp. 91-96. Sayem, A., n.d. Training and development program in Apple Inc , s.l.: s.n. Schilling, J. Kluge, A., 2009. Barriers to organizational learning: An integration of theory and research. International Journal of Management Reviews, 4 August. kerlavaj, M., temberger, M. I., Rokkrinjar VladoDimovski, 2007. Organizational learning culturethe missing link between business process change and organizational performance. International Journal of Production Economics , April, 106(2), pp. 346-367. Smerek, R. E., 2017. Organizational Learning and Performance: The Science and Practice of Building a Learning Culture. s.l.:Oxford Univeristy Press. Winkler, M. K. Fyffe, S. D., 2016. Strategies for Cultivating an Organizational Learning Culture. December.